Author Guidelines

AUTHOR GUIDELINES

1. General Information

TECHNOMA welcomes original and high-quality manuscripts that contribute to the development of knowledge within the journal’s scope.

Authors must ensure that submitted manuscripts:

Are original and have not been previously published;
Are not currently being considered for publication by another journal;
Are written in accordance with the TECHNOMA manuscript template;
Follow the journal’s ethical and publication policies;
Contain accurate, reliable, and properly documented information;
Have been approved by all listed authors; and
Are submitted through the TECHNOMA online submission system.

Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal at the same time is considered unethical publishing behavior and is strictly prohibited.

2. Scope of the Journal

TECHNOMA publishes scholarly works related to technology, education, management, innovation, applied sciences, and other fields relevant to the journal’s aims and scope.

Authors should ensure that the topic, research objectives, methodology, and contribution of their manuscript are relevant to the scope of TECHNOMA.

Manuscripts that fall outside the journal’s scope may be rejected during the initial editorial screening process without being sent for peer review.

3. Types of Manuscripts

TECHNOMA accepts the following types of manuscripts:

3.1 Original Research Articles

Original research articles report the results of empirical research using quantitative, qualitative, mixed-method, experimental, developmental, or other appropriate research approaches.

3.2 Review Articles

Review articles provide a systematic, critical, and comprehensive analysis of previous studies on a particular topic.

Review articles should identify research trends, theoretical developments, methodological issues, research gaps, and recommendations for future studies.

3.3 Conceptual or Theoretical Articles

Conceptual or theoretical articles present new ideas, frameworks, models, theories, or critical perspectives supported by relevant academic literature.

3.4 Case Studies

Case studies provide an in-depth analysis of a particular case, institution, program, technology, community, policy, or practice that offers relevant theoretical or practical contributions.

3.5 Development or Design Studies

Development or design studies report the process of designing, developing, validating, implementing, and evaluating a product, model, system, application, learning medium, instrument, or other innovation.

4. Language

Manuscripts should be written in clear, accurate, and academically appropriate English.

Authors whose first language is not English are strongly encouraged to have their manuscripts reviewed by a professional language editor or a competent English-speaking colleague before submission.

Authors are responsible for ensuring the quality of grammar, spelling, punctuation, academic style, and terminology used in their manuscripts.

The editorial team may request language revision when the quality of the language interferes with the clarity or academic quality of the manuscript.

5. Manuscript Preparation

Manuscripts must be prepared using the official TECHNOMA manuscript template.

The manuscript should be submitted in Microsoft Word format using the following general requirements:

Paper size: A4;
File format: .doc or .docx;
Font: Times New Roman;
Main text font size: 11 or 12 points;
Line spacing: single or 1.15;
Margins: according to the journal template;
Paragraph alignment: justified;
Page numbers: included when required by the template;
Tables and figures: placed within the manuscript near the relevant discussion; and
References: formatted consistently according to the journal’s citation style.

Authors should not make unnecessary modifications to the structure, margins, fonts, headings, or other formatting elements provided in the journal template.

6. Manuscript Length

The recommended length of a manuscript is approximately 4,000–8,000 words, including the abstract, tables, figures, acknowledgements, and references.

The editorial team may consider manuscripts outside this recommended length when justified by the nature, method, or contribution of the study.

Authors should present their work clearly and concisely and avoid unnecessary repetition.

7. Title

The title should:

Accurately reflect the main topic of the manuscript;
Be specific, concise, and informative;
Avoid unnecessary abbreviations;
Avoid overly general expressions;
Clearly indicate the main variables, concepts, population, context, or method when appropriate; and
Generally contain no more than 15–20 words.

The title should be written in title case or according to the capitalization style provided in the journal template.

8. Author Names and Affiliations

The manuscript must include the full names of all authors.

Authors’ names should be written without academic degrees, professional titles, or institutional positions.

Each author’s affiliation should include:

Department or study program;
Faculty, institution, or organization;
City;
Country; and
Institutional email address.

The corresponding author must be clearly identified and must provide an active email address.

The corresponding author is responsible for communicating with the journal during the submission, peer-review, revision, publication, and post-publication processes.

The corresponding author must also ensure that all co-authors:

Have made substantial contributions to the study;
Have reviewed the manuscript;
Have approved the final manuscript;
Agree to its submission to TECHNOMA; and
Accept responsibility for the integrity of the published work.

9. Abstract

The abstract should provide a clear and concise summary of the manuscript.

The abstract should generally contain 150–250 words and should be written as one paragraph without citations, tables, figures, footnotes, or unexplained abbreviations.

For an original research article, the abstract should briefly include:

The background or research problem;
The objective of the study;
The research method;
The main findings;
The main conclusion; and
The contribution or implication of the study.

The abstract should not include information that is not discussed in the main manuscript.

10. Keywords

Authors should provide three to five keywords below the abstract.

Keywords should:

Represent the main concepts of the manuscript;
Be specific and relevant;
Facilitate indexing and article discovery;
Avoid repeating all words used in the title; and
Be separated by commas or semicolons according to the journal template.

11. Manuscript Structure

Original research manuscripts should generally contain the following sections:

Title;
Author names and affiliations;
Abstract;
Keywords;
Introduction;
Literature review or theoretical framework, when required;
Research method;
Results;
Discussion;
Conclusion;
Recommendations or implications, when applicable;
Acknowledgements, when applicable;
Funding statement;
Author contributions;
Conflict of interest statement;
Data availability statement, when applicable; and
References.

The structure may be adjusted for review articles, conceptual papers, case studies, or development studies, provided that the manuscript remains systematic, clear, and academically appropriate.

12. Introduction

The introduction should explain the background, context, importance, and rationale of the study.

The introduction should include:

A clear description of the research problem;
Relevant theoretical and empirical background;
A critical review of recent literature;
Identification of the research gap;
The novelty or original contribution of the study;
The research objectives;
Research questions or hypotheses, when applicable; and
The significance of the study.

The introduction should not consist only of definitions or general statements. Authors should demonstrate how the study differs from and contributes to previous research.

Relevant and recent references should be used to support the research background and identify the research gap.

13. Literature Review or Theoretical Framework

When included as a separate section, the literature review should critically examine relevant theories, concepts, models, and previous studies.

Authors should not merely list or summarize previous studies. The literature review should:

Compare different findings or perspectives;
Explain relationships among concepts;
Identify limitations or inconsistencies in previous research;
Establish the theoretical foundation of the study;
Support the development of hypotheses or research questions; and
Demonstrate the position and contribution of the current study.

The majority of references should come from relevant, credible, and recent scholarly publications.

14. Research Method

The research method section should provide sufficient information to enable readers to evaluate the validity and reliability of the study.

The method section should include, where applicable:

Research design or approach;
Research location and period;
Population and sample;
Sampling technique;
Participants or research subjects;
Research variables;
Operational definitions;
Data sources;
Research instruments;
Instrument validity and reliability;
Data collection procedures;
Intervention or treatment procedures;
Data analysis techniques;
Software used in the analysis; and
Ethical approval and informed consent procedures.

For qualitative research, authors should explain:

The research approach;
Participant selection;
Research context;
Data collection techniques;
Researcher involvement;
Data analysis procedures;
Data credibility or trustworthiness; and
Ethical considerations.

For research and development studies, authors should explain:

The development model;
Development stages;
Product design;
Validation procedures;
Expert assessment;
Product trials;
Evaluation criteria; and
Data analysis techniques.

The method should be described clearly and should not contain results or conclusions.

15. Ethical Approval

Research involving human participants, personal data, sensitive information, or animals must comply with applicable ethical standards.

Authors must state:

The name of the ethics committee or institutional review board;
The ethical approval number, when available;
The date of approval, when applicable;
Whether informed consent was obtained;
How participant privacy and confidentiality were protected; and
Whether participants could withdraw from the study.

When ethical approval was not required, authors should provide an appropriate explanation.

Research involving children or vulnerable participants must obtain consent from parents, guardians, or legally authorized representatives, as required.

16. Results

The results section should present the research findings clearly, systematically, objectively, and accurately.

Results should:

Directly address the research questions or hypotheses;
Be presented in a logical order;
Include relevant statistical or qualitative evidence;
Avoid unnecessary repetition between the text, tables, and figures;
Distinguish research findings from interpretation; and
Report both significant and non-significant findings when relevant.

For quantitative studies, authors should report appropriate statistical information, including:

Sample size;
Descriptive statistics;
Test statistics;
Degrees of freedom;
Significance values;
Effect sizes;
Confidence intervals; and
Assumption testing, when applicable.

For qualitative studies, findings should be supported by relevant themes, categories, patterns, participant quotations, observations, documents, or other evidence.

17. Discussion

The discussion should interpret the findings and explain their meaning, significance, and contribution.

The discussion should:

Relate the findings to the research objectives;
Compare the results with previous studies;
Explain similarities and differences;
Discuss theoretical implications;
Discuss practical implications;
Address unexpected findings;
Explain the contribution and novelty of the study;
Identify the limitations of the study; and
Suggest directions for future research.

The discussion should not merely repeat the results.

Authors should avoid making claims that are not supported by the findings or evidence presented in the manuscript.

18. Conclusion

The conclusion should provide a concise answer to the research objectives or questions.

The conclusion should:

Summarize the main findings;
Emphasize the contribution of the study;
Present relevant theoretical or practical implications;
Avoid introducing new data or references;
Avoid repeating the abstract word for word; and
Be consistent with the results and discussion.

Recommendations may be included in the conclusion or presented in a separate section.

19. Limitations and Future Research

Authors are encouraged to acknowledge the limitations of their study.

Limitations may relate to:

Research design;
Sample size;
Participant characteristics;
Research location;
Measurement instruments;
Data availability;
Analytical methods;
Generalizability; or
Other methodological or contextual factors.

Future research recommendations should be specific and directly related to the identified limitations, findings, or research gaps.

20. Tables

Tables should be used to present information efficiently and should not duplicate information already explained in the text.

Each table must:

Be numbered consecutively;
Have a concise and informative title;
Be referred to in the manuscript;
Be placed near the relevant discussion;
Use editable text rather than an image;
Include clear column and row headings;
Explain abbreviations in table notes; and
Identify the source when adapted or reproduced from another publication.

Example:

Table 1. Descriptive Statistics of Research Variables

Tables should be understandable without requiring extensive reference to the main text.

Authors must obtain permission to reproduce copyrighted tables when necessary.

21. Figures, Charts, and Images

Figures, charts, diagrams, photographs, and other images should be clear, relevant, and of sufficient quality for publication.

Each figure must:

Be numbered consecutively;
Have a clear caption;
Be referred to in the manuscript;
Be placed near the relevant discussion;
Use readable labels and text;
Have adequate resolution;
Avoid unnecessary decorative elements; and
Identify the source when adapted or reproduced.

Example:

Figure 1. Research Procedure

Authors are responsible for obtaining permission to reproduce copyrighted figures, images, instruments, maps, or other visual materials.

Manipulation of images that changes or misrepresents the meaning of the original data is prohibited.

22. Mathematical Equations

Equations should be prepared using an equation editor and should not be submitted as images.

Important equations should be numbered consecutively.

All symbols, variables, constants, and abbreviations used in equations must be clearly defined.

Authors should use internationally recognized mathematical notation consistently throughout the manuscript.

23. Abbreviations and Terminology

Abbreviations should be defined the first time they appear in the abstract and again in the main text when necessary.

Authors should avoid excessive use of abbreviations, especially uncommon abbreviations that may reduce readability.

Technical terms should be used consistently and should follow accepted disciplinary standards.

24. Measurements and Units

Authors should use the International System of Units whenever applicable.

Symbols, numbers, percentages, and measurement units should be presented consistently throughout the manuscript.

A space should generally be placed between a number and its unit, except for percentages and other standard exceptions.

25. Citations

All ideas, theories, methods, data, tables, figures, and statements obtained from other sources must be appropriately cited.

Authors should prioritize references that are:

Relevant to the manuscript;
Obtained from credible academic sources;
Recent and up to date;
Published in peer-reviewed journals;
Directly related to the research problem; and
Accessible to readers.

Authors should avoid:

Excessive self-citation;
Citation manipulation;
Irrelevant citations;
Citing sources that have not been read;
Citing unreliable websites;
Excessive reliance on secondary citations; and
Using references solely to increase citation counts.

In-text citations and references must follow the citation style specified by TECHNOMA.

26. Reference Style

TECHNOMA recommends the use of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition—APA 7th Edition citation and reference style.

Authors must ensure that:

Every source cited in the text appears in the reference list;
Every source in the reference list is cited in the manuscript;
Author names and publication years are accurate;
Journal titles, volume numbers, issue numbers, and page ranges are complete;
Digital Object Identifiers are included whenever available;
URLs are active and accurate;
References are arranged alphabetically; and
Reference formatting is consistent.

Authors are strongly encouraged to use reference management software such as:

Mendeley;
Zotero;
EndNote; or
Other reliable reference management applications.

27. Examples of In-Text Citations

One Author

According to Rahman (2023), digital technology can improve learning accessibility.

Digital technology can improve learning accessibility (Rahman, 2023).

Two Authors

Rahman and Putri (2024) found that interactive learning media increased student engagement.

Interactive learning media increased student engagement (Rahman & Putri, 2024).

Three or More Authors

According to Rahman et al. (2025), technology integration requires institutional support.

Technology integration requires institutional support (Rahman et al., 2025).

Direct Quotation

A direct quotation must include the author, year, and page number.

Rahman (2023) stated that “digital transformation requires sustainable institutional commitment” (p. 25).

28. Examples of References

Journal Article

Rahman, A., & Putri, D. A. (2024). Digital learning innovation and student engagement in higher education. Journal of Educational Technology, 18(2), 125–140. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx

Journal Article with More Than Two Authors

Rahman, A., Putri, D. A., Santoso, B., & Wijaya, R. (2025). The implementation of artificial intelligence in educational assessment. International Journal of Learning Technology, 12(1), 20–38. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx

Book

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2023). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Chapter in an Edited Book

Putri, D. A. (2024). Technology-supported assessment in higher education. In A. Rahman and B. Santoso (Eds.), Innovations in educational assessment (pp. 75–94). Academic Press.

Conference Proceeding

Santoso, B., & Rahman, A. (2023). Developing an interactive learning platform for statistical education. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Education and Technology (pp. 110–118). University Press.

Thesis or Dissertation

Wijaya, R. (2024). Development of an artificial intelligence-based learning assessment system [Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Indonesia]. Institutional Repository.

Website

World Health Organization. (2024, January 15). Digital health and educational development. URL

Authors should verify all reference information before submission.

29. Reference Requirements

Authors are encouraged to use at least 20 relevant references for an original research article.

At least 70–80% of the references should preferably come from peer-reviewed journal articles.

The majority of references should be published within the last five to ten years, except for foundational theories, classical works, or essential methodological references.

References should not be dominated by the authors’ own publications or by publications from a single institution, journal, or research group.

30. Plagiarism and Similarity

All manuscripts submitted to TECHNOMA may be screened using plagiarism-detection software.

Authors must ensure that their manuscripts do not contain:

Plagiarized text;
Unattributed ideas;
Copied tables or figures;
Fabricated references;
Improper paraphrasing;
Duplicate publication;
Excessive self-plagiarism; or
Unacknowledged reuse of previously published material.

TECHNOMA recommends that the similarity index remain below 20%, excluding references, quotations, and commonly used academic expressions.

A low similarity score does not automatically guarantee that a manuscript is free from plagiarism. Editors will evaluate the nature and distribution of similarity, not only the numerical percentage.

Manuscripts containing plagiarism or serious ethical violations may be rejected, retracted, or subject to other actions in accordance with the journal’s publication ethics policy.

31. Data Accuracy and Research Integrity

Authors are fully responsible for the accuracy and integrity of all data presented in their manuscripts.

Data fabrication, data falsification, selective reporting, inappropriate image manipulation, and intentional misrepresentation are prohibited.

Authors should retain original research data and supporting documents for a reasonable period after publication.

The editor may request raw data, research instruments, ethical approval documents, statistical outputs, interview transcripts, or other supporting materials during the editorial or review process.

Failure to provide requested evidence may result in rejection, suspension, correction, or retraction.

32. Data Availability Statement

Authors are encouraged to include a data availability statement explaining whether and how the data supporting the study can be accessed.

Examples include:

Openly available data

The data supporting the findings of this study are available in the [repository name] at [link or DOI].

Available upon reasonable request

The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Restricted data

The data are not publicly available because they contain confidential or personally identifiable participant information.

No new data

No new data were created or analysed in this study.

Authors must ensure that data sharing complies with ethical approval, participant consent, privacy regulations, institutional policies, and applicable laws.

33. Authorship Criteria

Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made substantial contributions to the study.

An author should normally have contributed to:

The conception or design of the study;
Data collection, analysis, or interpretation;
Drafting or critically revising the manuscript;
Approval of the final version; and
Acceptance of accountability for the work.

Individuals who provide only administrative support, funding, supervision, language editing, technical assistance, or general advice should not automatically be listed as authors.

Their contributions may be recognized in the acknowledgements section.

Guest authorship, honorary authorship, ghost authorship, and purchased authorship are prohibited.

34. Author Contributions

Authors are encouraged to provide a statement describing each author’s contribution.

Contributions may include:

Conceptualization;
Methodology;
Software;
Validation;
Formal analysis;
Investigation;
Resources;
Data curation;
Writing—original draft;
Writing—review and editing;
Visualization;
Supervision;
Project administration; and
Funding acquisition.

Example:

Author Contributions: A.R. developed the research concept and methodology. D.P. collected and analysed the data. B.S. supervised the research and reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

35. Changes in Authorship

Any request to add, remove, or change the order of authors after submission must be accompanied by:

A clear explanation;
Written approval from all authors;
Written approval from any author being added or removed; and
Relevant supporting documentation when required.

Authorship changes after acceptance are permitted only in exceptional circumstances and are subject to editorial approval.

36. Conflict of Interest

All authors must disclose any financial, professional, personal, institutional, or other relationships that could influence or appear to influence the research.

Examples include:

Employment;
Consultancy;
Stock ownership;
Honoraria;
Paid expert testimony;
Patents;
Grants;
Personal relationships;
Institutional interests; and
Professional competition.

When no conflict exists, authors should include the following statement:

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article.

37. Funding Statement

Authors must disclose all financial support received for the research or publication of the manuscript.

The funding statement should include:

Name of the funding institution;
Grant number;
Name of the grant recipient; and
Role of the funder, when applicable.

Example:

Funding: This research was supported by [name of funding institution] under Grant Number [grant number].

When the study received no specific funding, authors should state:

Funding: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or non-profit sectors.

38. Acknowledgements

Authors may acknowledge individuals or institutions that contributed to the research but do not meet the criteria for authorship.

Acknowledgements may include:

Technical assistance;
Language editing;
Administrative support;
Access to facilities;
Data collection support;
Institutional cooperation; and
Other relevant contributions.

Authors must obtain permission from individuals whose names are included in the acknowledgements.

39. Use of Artificial Intelligence

Authors must disclose substantial use of artificial intelligence tools in the preparation of the manuscript.

Artificial intelligence tools may be used to assist with:

Language improvement;
Grammar correction;
Translation;
Coding support;
Data organization;
Literature searching; or
Other limited research or writing activities.

However, artificial intelligence tools cannot be listed as authors.

Authors remain fully responsible for:

The originality of the manuscript;
The accuracy of all information;
The validity of references;
The interpretation of data;
The absence of fabricated content;
Compliance with copyright;
Confidentiality and data protection; and
All statements and conclusions in the manuscript.

Artificial intelligence must not be used to fabricate data, references, quotations, images, findings, participants, or research procedures.

Authors should include an AI disclosure statement when applicable.

Example:

Artificial Intelligence Disclosure: The authors used [name of tool] to assist with language editing. The authors reviewed and verified all AI-assisted content and remain fully responsible for the final manuscript.

40. Copyright and Permissions

Authors are responsible for ensuring that their manuscript does not violate copyright or intellectual property rights.

Authors must obtain written permission to reproduce or adapt copyrighted materials, including:

Tables;
Figures;
Photographs;
Maps;
Questionnaires;
Test instruments;
Scales;
Illustrations;
Long quotations; and
Other protected materials.

The source of reproduced or adapted material must be clearly acknowledged.

Evidence of permission may be requested by the editorial team.

41. Submission Process

Manuscripts must be submitted through the TECHNOMA online journal system.

The submission process generally includes:

Registering or logging in as an author;
Starting a new submission;
Completing the submission checklist;
Entering manuscript metadata;
Uploading the manuscript;
Uploading supplementary files, when applicable;
Entering all authors and affiliations;
Providing keywords and an abstract;
Confirming ethical declarations; and
Completing the submission.

Authors should ensure that all metadata entered into the online system exactly match the information in the manuscript.

42. Required Submission Files

Authors may be required to upload:

The manuscript file;
A title page;
A blinded manuscript, when applicable;
A plagiarism or similarity report;
A statement of originality;
Ethical approval documentation;
Research instruments;
Supplementary data;
Permission letters;
A response to reviewers for revised manuscripts; and
Other documents requested by the editor.

Files should be clearly named and uploaded in the required format.

43. Anonymous Peer Review

TECHNOMA applies a double-blind peer-review process.

Under this process:

Reviewers do not know the identities of the authors;
Authors do not know the identities of the reviewers; and
Editorial staff protect the confidentiality of both parties.

Authors should remove identifying information from the blinded manuscript, including:

Author names;
Affiliations;
Email addresses;
Acknowledgements;
Personal identifiers;
Institutional references that directly reveal the authors; and
File properties containing author information.

Identifying information should be provided separately on the title page or through the online submission system.

44. Initial Editorial Screening

All submitted manuscripts undergo an initial screening by the editorial team.

The screening may assess:

Relevance to the journal’s scope;
Compliance with the author guidelines;
Manuscript structure;
Language quality;
Originality;
Similarity level;
Research ethics;
Methodological adequacy;
Academic contribution; and
Completeness of submission documents.

Manuscripts that do not meet the minimum requirements may be returned to the authors or rejected without peer review.

45. Peer-Review Process

Manuscripts that pass the initial screening will be sent to qualified reviewers.

Reviewers evaluate the manuscript based on:

Originality;
Relevance;
Theoretical contribution;
Methodological quality;
Validity of findings;
Quality of analysis;
Clarity of presentation;
Use of references;
Ethical compliance; and
Overall contribution to the field.

Possible editorial decisions include:

Accept;
Accept with minor revisions;
Revise and resubmit;
Major revisions required; or
Reject.

The final publication decision is made by the editor based on the reviewers’ recommendations, the quality of the revised manuscript, and compliance with journal policies.

46. Revision Process

When revisions are requested, authors must submit:

A revised manuscript;
A detailed response to reviewers;
A clear explanation of all changes made; and
Justification for comments that were not followed.

Responses should be professional, respectful, specific, and evidence-based.

Each reviewer comment should be copied and followed by the author’s response.

Example:

Reviewer Comment 1: Please explain the sampling procedure in greater detail.

Author Response: Thank you for this comment. We have added a detailed explanation of the sampling procedure in the Research Method section on page 6, paragraphs 2–3.

Changes in the revised manuscript should be highlighted or tracked when requested by the editor.

47. Proofreading and Publication

After a manuscript is accepted, it may undergo:

Copyediting;
Language editing;
Layout preparation;
Reference checking;
Metadata verification; and
Author proofreading.

Authors must carefully review the proof and report only essential corrections.

Major changes to the content, authorship, data, or conclusions are generally not permitted at the proofreading stage.

The corresponding author must return proof corrections within the period specified by the journal.

48. Corrections and Retractions

Authors must promptly notify the editor when they discover a significant error or inaccuracy in a submitted or published article.

Depending on the nature of the issue, the journal may publish:

A correction;
An erratum;
A corrigendum;
An expression of concern; or
A retraction.

Authors are required to cooperate fully with editorial investigations and post-publication corrections.

49. Publication Fees

Information regarding submission fees, article processing charges, publication fees, or other charges must be consulted on the official TECHNOMA website.

Authors should not make payments to unofficial accounts or individuals.

Any official payment must follow the instructions issued through the TECHNOMA editorial office or online journal system.

Payment of a publication fee does not guarantee acceptance. Editorial decisions are based solely on the academic quality, ethical compliance, relevance, and peer-review results of the manuscript.

50. Submission Checklist

Before submitting a manuscript, authors should confirm that:

The manuscript is original;
The manuscript has not been published previously;
The manuscript is not under consideration by another journal;
The topic is relevant to the scope of TECHNOMA;
The manuscript follows the official template;
The title is clear and informative;
The abstract includes the objective, method, results, and conclusion;
Three to five keywords are provided;
The manuscript structure follows the author guidelines;
Ethical approval is stated when required;
All tables and figures are numbered and cited;
All references cited in the text appear in the reference list;
All entries in the reference list are cited in the text;
DOI information is included when available;
The manuscript has been checked for plagiarism;
All authors have approved the final manuscript;
Conflicts of interest have been disclosed;
Funding information has been disclosed;
AI use has been disclosed when applicable;
Permission has been obtained for copyrighted materials;
The manuscript file does not contain hidden author information when anonymous review is applied; and
All required submission documents have been uploaded.

51. Author Declaration

By submitting a manuscript to TECHNOMA, all authors declare that:

The manuscript is an original work;
The manuscript does not contain plagiarism;
The data have not been fabricated or falsified;
The manuscript is not being considered by another journal;
All authors have made appropriate contributions;
All authors have approved the submitted version;
All conflicts of interest have been disclosed;
All funding sources have been disclosed;
Ethical approval and informed consent have been obtained when required;
Copyright permissions have been obtained when required;
The authors agree to follow the editorial and peer-review process; and
The authors accept responsibility for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of the manuscript.

Failure to comply with these guidelines may result in the manuscript being returned, rejected, corrected, or retracted.